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TIME: Almanac 1993
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1992-09-23
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EDUCATION, Page 118Facts of Life
California sides with Darwin
By Richard N. Ostling
The famous Scopes trial ended 64 years ago, but educators
are still grappling with the impassioned evolution vs. creation
debate. Last week California's board of education adopted new
teaching and textbook guidelines and, responding to
Fundamentalist pressure, removed a reference to evolution as
"scientific fact." But overall the document strongly supports
teaching of evolution. California accounts for 11% of all U.S.
textbook sales, and the guidelines could have wide impact.
Four years ago, California's education department declared
that elementary and junior high school science texts needed
fuller treatment of evolution. Subsequently, the education
department detailed pro evolution guidelines for kindergarten
through eighth grade to take effect in 1992. But the policy
needed approval from the state board of education, which faced
heavy lobbying on both sides.
That led to eleventh-hour alterations to accommodate
Fundamentalists, who believe God directly created Adam and Eve.
The board deleted references to a 1987 Supreme Court ruling and
a National Academy of Sciences booklet that oppose giving Darwin
and creationism equal weight in science classes. The
Californians also omitted this: "There is no scientific dispute
that evolution has occurred and continues to occur; this is why
evolution is regarded as a scientific fact." But another section
asserts, "It is a scientific fact that organisms have evolved
through time." The board advises teachers not to suppress part
of the curriculum "on the grounds that it may be contrary to an
individual's beliefs" nor to demean people who reject evolution
"on the basis of religious faith." The guidelines say the
ultimate cause of the cosmos is not appropriate for science
courses but may be treated in history or English classes.
An anticensorship lobby, People for the American Way, fears
that the board's concessions could send the wrong message to
nervous publishers or fire up Fundamentalists elsewhere. But
California's superintendent of public instruction, Bill Honig,
contends that advocacy of evolution remains firmly in place;
irate California Fundamentalists agree.
A similar battle has been taking place in Texas, which has
the country's No. 2 textbook market. The state board of
education drafted guidelines requiring positive teaching about
evolution for the first time. But in March, Bible Belters won
a last-minute insertion that in addition to evolution, science
classes should cover "other reliable scientific theories, if
any." That opens the door to "scientific creationism," which
offers evidence for the immediate creation of life-forms but
does not refer to the Bible. Publishers are now trying to tackle
the new requirements as they prepare science textbooks for
submission to Texas officials next April.
-- James Willwerth/Los Angeles