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- EDUCATION, Page 118Facts of Life
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- California sides with Darwin
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- By Richard N. Ostling
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- The famous Scopes trial ended 64 years ago, but educators
- are still grappling with the impassioned evolution vs. creation
- debate. Last week California's board of education adopted new
- teaching and textbook guidelines and, responding to
- Fundamentalist pressure, removed a reference to evolution as
- "scientific fact." But overall the document strongly supports
- teaching of evolution. California accounts for 11% of all U.S.
- textbook sales, and the guidelines could have wide impact.
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- Four years ago, California's education department declared
- that elementary and junior high school science texts needed
- fuller treatment of evolution. Subsequently, the education
- department detailed pro evolution guidelines for kindergarten
- through eighth grade to take effect in 1992. But the policy
- needed approval from the state board of education, which faced
- heavy lobbying on both sides.
-
- That led to eleventh-hour alterations to accommodate
- Fundamentalists, who believe God directly created Adam and Eve.
- The board deleted references to a 1987 Supreme Court ruling and
- a National Academy of Sciences booklet that oppose giving Darwin
- and creationism equal weight in science classes. The
- Californians also omitted this: "There is no scientific dispute
- that evolution has occurred and continues to occur; this is why
- evolution is regarded as a scientific fact." But another section
- asserts, "It is a scientific fact that organisms have evolved
- through time." The board advises teachers not to suppress part
- of the curriculum "on the grounds that it may be contrary to an
- individual's beliefs" nor to demean people who reject evolution
- "on the basis of religious faith." The guidelines say the
- ultimate cause of the cosmos is not appropriate for science
- courses but may be treated in history or English classes.
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- An anticensorship lobby, People for the American Way, fears
- that the board's concessions could send the wrong message to
- nervous publishers or fire up Fundamentalists elsewhere. But
- California's superintendent of public instruction, Bill Honig,
- contends that advocacy of evolution remains firmly in place;
- irate California Fundamentalists agree.
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- A similar battle has been taking place in Texas, which has
- the country's No. 2 textbook market. The state board of
- education drafted guidelines requiring positive teaching about
- evolution for the first time. But in March, Bible Belters won
- a last-minute insertion that in addition to evolution, science
- classes should cover "other reliable scientific theories, if
- any." That opens the door to "scientific creationism," which
- offers evidence for the immediate creation of life-forms but
- does not refer to the Bible. Publishers are now trying to tackle
- the new requirements as they prepare science textbooks for
- submission to Texas officials next April.
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- -- James Willwerth/Los Angeles
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